Optogenetics is a biological technique which provides a means of modulating the selective neural pathways through the activation of light sensitive proteins. It’s particularly powerful in neuroscience, where it’s commonly used to control and study the activity of neurons in real time. Optogenetics helps developing potential therapies for neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, or depression, by precisely controlling neural activity.
Digital telemetry is used in preclinical optogenetics studies on rodents or large animals, enabling real-time, non-invasive monitoring of physiological parameters like heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure during optogenetic experiments. It allows researchers to track both neural and systemic effects without interrupting the study, providing insights into how the animal’s physiology responds to stimulation. Telemetry is especially valuable for long-term studies, as it eliminates the need for repeated handling. By combining telemetry with optogenetics, researchers can correlate physiological changes with behavioral outcomes, improving the reliability and consistency of the data.
Digital telemetry can also be combined with whole body plethysmography for neurological and cardiorespiratory measurements.
easyTEL+ implantable telemetry can acquire multiple biopotentials (ECG, EEG, EMG), blood pressure, core temperature and activity in small and large animals for up to 330 days.
Transmitter state (on/sleep) and reconfigurable settings (sampling rate, resolution, transmission power, transmission frequency, etc.) can be controlled wirelessly, reducing human interactions.
The easyTEL+RP reusable telemeter acquires up to 4 low-noise biopotentials (cortical or penetrating EEG, EMG, ECG) as well as activity from rodents 200g or more.
In large animals, it collects neurological and activity changes without surgical implantation of the telemeter. Subjects are equipped with an external transmitter housed in a jacket or a helmet with surface leads paced on the scalp.
Externalized transmitters can be reused across subjects, cohorts, and studies, reducing start-up costs for behavioral studies requiring a large subject pool. The custom design of our transmitters (electrodes, electrode wires, polarity) combined with user configurable sampling rate, resolution, and gain, provide users with various study design options. Easily exchangeable batteries last for up to 150 hours of continuous recordings.
The neural control of breathing involves an integrated orchestration between several dedicated brain stem circuits, along with higher brain areas such as cortex, limbic system and hypothalamus. This higher brain function interprets peripheral feedback and innervates the muscles and lungs to regulate breathing rates and rhythms.
Optogenetics studies targeting respiratory centers in the brain stem can be paired with Whole body plethysmography (WBP) to measure pulmonary function as result of optical manipulation of the nervous system. WBP permits a continuous assessment of breathing patterns in freely moving, conscious subjects and provides important parameters such as breathing frequency and duration, estimates of tidal volume and minute ventilation. IOX2 software allows for customized protocols and analysis on a breath by breath basis to capture respiratory changes in real-time.
The WBP chamber can be combined with a removable swivel tower, attached to the top of the chamber which allows for the subject to have full range of motion while keeping the integrity of the tethered fiber optic cable.
Whole body plethysmography and digital telemetry can be combined on a synchronized platform, for concurrent analysis of respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological data.
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